People living in Canada, Alaska, England and other countries subject to very cold climate, frostbites are common occurrences especially for people who, for some reason, are often staying outside in the cold. It can be a very dangerous condition if one is not properly garbed against cold climate.
Exposure to frigid temperature for a long spell is the simple cause for frostbites. Parts of the body that are frequently left in the open are therefore the common areas that get frostbitten. Noses, ears, cheeks, fingers and toes are the most vulnerable parts of the body. Other areas that are not sufficiently protected from the cold might also be prone to frostbites.
MedlinePlus, the information center of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health, has enumerated symptoms for frostbites. Areas that are frostbitten are cold and hard to touch. Early stage of frostbite is indicated by stinging red skin. The tingling akin to pins and needles will eventually feel numb appear white as the tissues begin to freeze. As the degree of intensity increases, the color of the skin darkens accordingly. Worst case frostbites may even appear blackened or bruised.
Frostbite is the damage of the skin and the underlying tissues when subject to extreme cold at a length of time. Worst case frostbites happen when the cold penetrates the body until it reaches the blood vessels, damaging them and in the process blocks the flow of blood in the affected areas. This is the reason for permanent damage caused by frostbites. When this occurs, amputation becomes a necessity because gangrene may develop and harm the rest of the body.
For minor case frostbites, there is still a chance for complete recovery. Once the affected area is allowed to thaw blood will eventually circulate freely once again and prevent permanent cell tissue damage. This is a very painful process however. Along with the return of sensation in the numbed, frostbitten area is a tingling that will later escalate into intense pain.
Frostbites should be given immediate and appropriate medical attention in order to prevent formation of gangrene. When blood vessels are frozen and restrict the flow of blood, this may lead to permanent cell damage and eventually the dead tissues or limbs will have to be amputated. Hypothermia is also an expected condition for frostbite patients. Trauma will also have to be attended to. Physical trauma may happen on the affected areas, especially on limbs. Emotional and psychological trauma may also occur if the patient underwent grueling situations out in the cold.
Prevention is always better than cure. Avoiding frostbites is certainly more appealing than having to endure the pain of recovery from it. It is necessary to be properly and sufficiently clothed when in a very cold climate. Among the basic winter clothing are thick mittens, mufflers, hats and scarves and water resistant thermal clothing. The ideal way is to wear these clothes in layers to ensure that body heat is preserved and cold is kept out of the body. People not used to very cold climates should all the more follow these SOPs.
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